If your search returns a very large set of results, the Refinement module doesn't display options automatically, since it may take additional time to generate the refinement values. In these cases, it may be useful to run a more specific search to narrow down your search results.
If you do not want to run a more specific search and you still want to see the Refinement options, click on the Show refinement options link in the Refinement module. For very large sets of results, it may take longer than normal to display the options.
If your search returns a very small number of results, you might not see refinement options since there must be more than one value in each refinement category for the options to be useful. For example, if all of your results are from one person, you will not see a refinement option for that person (since it won't help you to narrow down your results – they are already as specific as possible).