No. After you click Send, your message can't be retrieved -- even if you sent it to another Yahoo! Mail account.
You CAN pause and think twice and revise your text before sending it, by first saving your email as a draft. Click the Save as Draft button to put it in your Drafts folder -- without sending it. You can return to it there anytime to make final decisions.
Note: Yahoo! Mail now automatically saves emails you're working on (until you click Send) to your Drafts folder, to protect your work if you experience an interruption in power or connectivity.