No. If you're using a domain that you registered with another company, that company is responsible for renewing your domain, and you must pay any associated fees to that provider. Yahoo! cannot renew domains registered through another provider.
Note: Though you can use a domain name registered elsewhere with your AT&T Yahoo! plan, a process called redelegating, at this time AT&T Yahoo! cannot accept transfers of your domain registration from another provider. Learn more about redelegating and transfers.